The Precision Partners Agency · The Briefing · Focus Series

Five Seats.
One Ballot.

The WA Supreme Court decides what your rights actually mean in this state. Here's what's at stake — and how to evaluate who should fill these seats.

The 9-Seat Court — 2026
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6
P7
P8
P9
On your ballot this year
Remaining — not up for election
5 of 9
seats up for election in 2026.
That is a majority of the court.
Decided by your ballot.
9.9%
Tax on income above $1M is heading to this court. Who sits on it determines if it survives.
First — Understand the Court

Not Like the
Federal Supreme Court

Most people assume state supreme courts work like the US Supreme Court. They don't. The differences matter enormously for how you vote.

🗳️
You Elect Them
WA justices are elected by the people in nonpartisan elections — no president nominates them, no Senate confirms them. Your vote is the only process.
📅
6-Year Terms
Justices serve six-year terms, staggered so three seats rotate every two years. Five seats in one year — like 2026 — is rare and means major potential shift.
⏱️
Mandatory Retirement at 75
Unlike federal judges who serve for life, WA justices must retire at the end of the calendar year they turn 75. This is why Justice Charles Johnson's seat is open.
🏛️
Governor Fills Vacancies
When a justice resigns mid-term, the Governor appoints a replacement who must then win election. Both Melody and Angelis are appointed — this is their first election.
⚖️
Final Word on State Law
The WA Supreme Court is the final authority on WA State Constitution and state law. It cannot be overruled by any court except the US Supreme Court on federal questions.
🔒
Stronger Protections Here
WA's constitution provides stronger privacy rights than the 4th Amendment and stronger protections against cruel punishment than the 8th. This court enforces those protections.
What This Court Has Already Done

The Receipts

Before you vote on who sits on this court, understand what this court has already done for the everyday Washingtonian.

2012
McCleary v. Washington
Ruled the state was unconstitutionally underfunding K-12 education. When the legislature stalled, the court fined the state $100,000 per day for over five years — ultimately forcing billions of additional dollars into public schools across Washington.
Education Funding
Ongoing
Privacy Protections
The WA Supreme Court has consistently held that WA's constitution provides stronger privacy protections from government intrusion than the federal Fourth Amendment. Your rights against unreasonable search are stronger here because of decisions from this court.
Civil Liberties
2021
State v. Blake
Struck down Washington's drug felony possession law as unconstitutional — a decision that reverberated nationally and forced the legislature to completely rethink its approach to drug possession, affecting thousands of people with prior convictions.
Criminal Justice
2026+
The Millionaires' Tax
Washington's new 9.9% tax on income above $1 million is already being challenged in court. That case will reach the WA Supreme Court — and who sits on it will determine whether this revenue for schools, housing, and services survives or is struck down.
Economic Justice · PENDING
Not on Your Ballot

The Four Who Remain

These justices are not up for election in 2026. They will serve out their terms regardless of what voters decide in November.

SG
Steven González
On court since 2012
Widely respected across political lines. Strong record on civil rights and criminal justice fairness. Frequently cited by other state courts.
SM
Sal Mungia
Elected 2024
Newest member of the court. Won a competitive 2024 race. Record still developing — watch how he votes in coming years.
SGM
Sheryl Gordon McCloud
On court since 2013
Strong on criminal defense rights, fair trial standards, and access to justice for people who can't afford attorneys.
HW
G. Helen Whitener
Appointed 2020, elected 2022
Former public defender. Her appointment made the court "arguably the most diverse, state or federal, in American history." Strong equity and access voice.
Apply the Framework

Five Races.
The Proximity Test.

Because races are nonpartisan, candidates can't tell you how they'd rule. But their backgrounds tell you everything. Click any candidate to see how they score.

The Proximity Test asks three questions of every candidate — regardless of race, party backing, or who appointed them.

Q1: Demonstrated commitment before the spotlight? Q2: Proximity to the problem? Q3: Incentivized to solve — or to keep the problem alive?
Score key:
Strong
Unclear / developing
Concern
No record
Position 1 — Special Election · 2-Year Term
Filling Justice Mary Yu's Seat
Yu was the first LGBTQ+, Asian American, and Latina justice in WA history. Her seat matters — and who holds it will shape civil rights cases for years.
Special Election
The stakes: The millionaires' tax case and civil rights challenges will reach this seat. Melody built the legal architecture that protects ordinary people. Edwards helped try to dismantle part of it.
CM
Colleen Melody Incumbent (appointed)
Former Chief, Civil Rights Division — WA Attorney General's Office
Strong
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do on these issues before this moment?"
Built the Civil Rights Division at the WA AG's Office over years — housing discrimination, consumer protections, immigrant rights. This is a career, not a campaign.
Strong track record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room where the work actually happens?"
Yes — spent her legal career directly in civil rights enforcement. Not writing about it. Doing it. Housing discrimination cases, immigrant rights work, consumer protection.
Deep proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
Nuanced. Appointed by Ferguson who signed the income tax. Critics raise recusal questions. Her endorsement coalition is progressive and labor-aligned. No judicial record yet to evaluate.
Watch closely
Career civil rights attorney and builder. The proximity is real. The appointment-related conflict question is legitimate — but the alternative candidates have weaker track records and more concerning incentive structures.
Endorsed by: Gov. Ferguson, AG Nick Brown, WA Education Association, labor unions, sitting justices
LC
Laura Christensen Colberg
Family Law Attorney · Court Commissioner Pro Tem, Snohomish County
Limited
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do on these issues before this moment?"
Family law practice and court commissioner work. No prior record on civil rights, constitutional law, or the issues most likely to reach the WA Supreme Court in 2026–27.
No relevant track record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room where the work actually happens?"
Family law experience is real and valuable — but it's a different room than the constitutional and civil rights cases that dominate this court's docket.
Partial proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
Backed by the state Republican Party. That party's stated goal is to overturn the progressive composition of this court. Who benefits from her being on the court rather than Melody?
Incentive concern
The experience gap is significant for a seat this consequential. GOP backing in a race where the stated GOP priority is shifting the court's direction is a real incentive signal.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party
SE
Scott Edwards
Partner, Ballard Spahr LLP
Concern
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do on these issues before this moment?"
Corporate law practice. No civil rights background, no public interest track record, no judicial experience.
No track record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room where the work actually happens?"
Corporate litigation is a different room entirely from the civil rights, criminal justice, and constitutional cases that define this court's work.
No proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
Previously challenged the state's capital gains tax — the forerunner to the millionaires' tax. Built a career representing institutional interests against the kind of policy this court will be asked to uphold.
Direct conflict concern
The most concerning candidate in Position 1. His previous legal work directly opposed the revenue policy now heading to this court. The Proximity Test flags this loudly on Q3.
Endorsed by: Not publicly reported
Position 3 — Open Seat
Filling Justice Montoya-Lewis's Seat
Montoya-Lewis — the first Native American elected to statewide office in WA — chose not to seek re-election. This is a fully open seat with no incumbent advantage.
Open Seat
The primary narrows to two for November. Stevens almost certainly does not advance past August. The real question is Hawk vs. Diaz — both credible, both progressive, both supported by serious people.
JH
Jaime Hawk
King County Superior Court Judge · Former Public Defender & Civil Rights Attorney
Strongest
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do before this moment?"
Public defender, then civil rights attorney, then Superior Court judge. This is a career built entirely in the rooms where justice is made or denied — before any Supreme Court race was on the table.
Deep track record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room where it happens?"
Public defense is as close to the problem as you can get. She has sat across from people who have nothing — and fought for them anyway. That's the deepest possible proximity.
Maximum proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
No institutional or financial incentive to keep the problems she's spent her career fighting. Her entire career has been oriented toward resolution, not perpetuation, of injustice.
Aligned
Passes the Proximity Test cleanly on all three questions. The public defender background is the single strongest indicator of proximity in any of these five races.
Endorsed by: Gov. Ferguson, Justice Yu, Justice Whitener, Attorney General Nick Brown
MD
J. Michael Diaz
WA Court of Appeals Judge, Division I
Strong
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Appellate court judge with a track record of written decisions — you can actually evaluate his reasoning. That's rare transparency in a judicial race. Endorsed by Montoya-Lewis as her preferred successor.
Strong record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Appellate experience means he's been reviewing how trial court decisions affect real people's lives. Strong proximity — though appellate work is a different kind of proximity than Hawk's public defense background.
Strong appellate proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Broad establishment progressive support — former governors, AG Nick Brown, current justices. Career trajectory aligned with court's progressive direction. No evident conflict.
Aligned
Strong candidate. Both Hawk and Diaz pass the Proximity Test. The distinction: Hawk's public defender background gives deeper proximity to communities whose cases actually come before this court. Diaz has the wider endorsement coalition.
Endorsed by: Justice Montoya-Lewis, AG Nick Brown, former Govs. Inslee, Gregoire, Locke
DS
David Stevens
Mason County Superior Court Judge · Former Prosecutor
Concern
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Prosecution career and Superior Court judgeship in Mason County. Judicial experience is real. But the framing of his candidacy is largely oppositional — against the court's direction — not built on a positive civil rights track record.
Mixed
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Trial court experience counts. But prosecutors sit on the opposite side of the room from the communities whose rights most often come before the WA Supreme Court.
Different room
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Has cited Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito as judicial heroes. Both of those justices spent their careers dismantling the protections this court upholds. Backed by state GOP whose stated priority is shifting this court's composition.
Significant concern
The Scalia/Alito citation is the clearest signal in Position 3. Those justices built a legacy of narrowing rights. That tells you where the incentives are pointed — not toward the communities whose cases come before this court most often.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party
Position 4 — Open Seat · No Primary
Filling Justice Johnson's Seat
Johnson reached mandatory retirement at 75. Only two candidates filed — both automatically advance to November. There is no August primary for this race.
Both Advance to November
Less polarized than other races. Both candidates are credible. Watch for endorsements through the summer — that's where the distinction will emerge.
IB
Ian Birk
WA Court of Appeals Judge, Division I · Leading fundraiser ($200K)
Strong
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Appellate judge with a written record of decisions. Generally regarded as the progressive candidate in this race. Strong fundraising suggests broad institutional confidence.
Solid record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Appellate experience provides strong proximity to how decisions actually affect people on appeal. His written decisions are publicly available — more transparency than most candidates offer.
Appellate proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Progressive institutional backing. Endorsements still developing — worth tracking through the summer for full picture of incentive alignment.
Developing — watch endorsements
Strong candidate with a real record. Leading in fundraising and generally aligned with the court's progressive direction. More information will emerge through summer endorsements.
Endorsed by: Endorsements developing — check campaign site for updates
SO
Sean O'Donnell
King County Superior Court Judge
Strong
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
King County Superior Court experience — trial-level proximity to how the law actually affects people. Endorsed by US Reps. Adam Smith and Marilyn Strickland, former Mayor Harrell, police and prosecutors.
Trial court record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Trial court judges see the consequences of law directly — in people's faces, in real time. Strong proximity from a different angle than appellate experience.
Trial court proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
More moderate coalition including police/prosecutorial endorsements alongside Democratic officials. Ideologically less clearly defined than Birk. Track this through November.
Mixed coalition — developing
Credible candidate. Trial court experience is valuable. His coalition is broader and more moderate than Birk's — which may or may not concern you depending on which races and issues you prioritize most.
Endorsed by: US Reps. Adam Smith & Marilyn Strickland, former Mayor Bruce Harrell, WA Council of Police & Sheriffs, prosecutors statewide
Position 5 — Special Election · Most Competitive Race
Filling Justice Madsen's Seat
Madsen was the first woman elected to the WA Supreme Court. This is the most competitive and most contested race of the five — and the one where a recent poll showed the appointed incumbent does not have a commanding lead.
⚠ Watch Closely
The most important August primary race. Larson has run for this court four times and carries explicit conservative institutional backing. Amamilo is the sleeper candidate with the deepest proximity — but faces a $100K+ fundraising gap against Angelis.
SA
Sharonda Amamilo
Thurston County Superior Court Judge · Former Public Defender · Military Intelligence Officer · First person of color on Thurston County bench
Strongest in Race
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do before this moment?"
12 years at Thurston County Public Defender's Office. 25+ years US Army military intelligence. Elected to Superior Court in 2020 — first person of color on that bench. This is a career of sustained public service, not a launch pad.
Exceptional track record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room?"
Public defense, family courts, child welfare, juvenile justice, multi-million-dollar tax disputes, administrative law, appellate review as pro tem judge. She has been in more rooms than any other candidate in these five races.
Deepest proximity of all 5 races
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Her career has been built in service of people with nothing — not institutions with money to protect. No financial ties to the parties most invested in this court's outcome. Endorsed by Justice Whitener, labor, WEA.
Fully aligned
The strongest Proximity Test score in all five races. Public defender, trial judge, military officer, child welfare expert, administrative law reviewer. The fundraising gap is real — but this is exactly the candidate The Proximity Test was built to surface. Tell people about her.
Endorsed by: Justice G. Helen Whitener, Washington Education Association, WA State Labor Council, National Women's Political Caucus of WA, multiple legislative district Democrats, 30th & 27th LD Democrats
TA
Theo Angelis Incumbent (appointed)
Former Partner, K&L Gates LLP · Volunteer immigrant/refugee work
Questions Remain
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Corporate litigator at K&L Gates — a major corporate law firm — for years. Volunteer work with immigrants and refugees is real and meaningful. No prior judicial record since he was appointed directly to the Supreme Court.
Mixed — no judicial record to evaluate
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Immigration and refugee volunteer work shows real proximity to vulnerable communities. Corporate litigation background is a different room. The ratio matters — what shaped his professional worldview?
Partial proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Worked at K&L Gates with Gov. Ferguson. Endorsed and funded by Ferguson, Sen. Pedersen (who sponsored the income tax), K&L Gates attorneys, and Amazon employees. These are the parties most invested in how this court rules. That's a meaningful signal.
Incentive questions are legitimate
The Q3 concern is real and warranted. His fundraising advantage is enormous but who's funding it matters. Not disqualifying — but the Proximity Test asks you to look at it honestly.
Endorsed by: Gov. Ferguson, Sen. Jamie Pedersen, sitting justices, local Democratic parties, labor unions. Significant donations from K&L Gates attorneys and Amazon employees.
DL
Dave Larson
Retired Federal Way Municipal Court Judge · 4th campaign for WA Supreme Court
Fails the Test
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Municipal court judge handling lower-level cases. No civil rights work, no constitutional litigation experience, no record engaging with the issues most likely to reach the WA Supreme Court. His entire profile is built on this race, not on the work.
Insufficient preparation
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Municipal court is a fundamentally different room from the constitutional and civil rights cases that define this court's work. The experience gap between Larson and the other serious candidates in this race is significant.
Wrong room
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if he keeps running?"
This is his fourth campaign for the Supreme Court — 2000, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2026. The outrage IS the platform. Backed by state GOP whose stated goal is shifting this court's direction. This is Q3's sharpest application: ask what his campaign looks like if the court's direction changes.
Platform is the problem, not the solution
The clearest Q3 failure in all five races. Four campaigns built entirely on opposing this court. The platform requires the problem to persist. That is the definition of misaligned incentives.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party, Forward Party
Position 7 — Incumbent Running
Chief Justice Debra Stephens
The longest-serving current member of the court. Stephens became Chief Justice in January 2025. She was on the bench for McCleary. She is the court's institutional memory.
Incumbent
The most straightforward race to evaluate. Stephens has a 17-year record on this court. You don't need to guess — you can look at what she's done. Her challengers do not have comparable experience or records.
DS
Debra Stephens Chief Justice · Incumbent
WA Supreme Court since 2008 · Chief Justice since 2025
Clear Record
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do before this moment?"
She IS the track record. On the court since 2008 — through McCleary, Blake, and every major WA constitutional moment of the last 17 years. This question has the richest answer of any candidate in these five races.
17-year record on this court
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room?"
She has been on the highest court in WA for 17 years. She has worked to make courts more accessible and transparent — particularly for people who navigate the system without money or power behind them.
Maximum institutional proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Her entire career has been on a public bench. No private clients, no corporate interests. Her professional success is tied to the court functioning well for the people who use it — not the institutions that fund campaigns to change its composition.
Fully aligned
Passes the Proximity Test on all three questions — with a 17-year evidentiary record to back it up. The most evaluable candidate of all five races because she has actually done the job.
Endorsed by: Broad nonpartisan judicial coalition, bar associations, court reform organizations
TB
Todd Bloom
Attorney, Port Orchard — Estate Planning
Not Prepared
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Estate planning attorney in Port Orchard. No judicial experience. No constitutional law background. No civil rights record. Challenging the Chief Justice with an estate planning practice is the experience gap speaking for itself.
No relevant preparation
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Estate planning is a different planet from the constitutional, civil rights, and criminal justice cases that define this court's work. No proximity to the problems this court is asked to solve.
No proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Backed by state GOP. No evident personal professional reason to run for the Supreme Court other than to challenge its direction. The campaign is the platform.
Oppositional platform
The experience and preparation gap between Bloom and Chief Justice Stephens is the widest in any of these five races. The Proximity Test is unambiguous here.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party

Now you know.
Vote like it.

Five seats. Two elections. The court that decides what your rights actually mean in Washington State. Your ballot is the only process that puts people on it.

Research current as of July 2026. Races are nonpartisan — scores reflect The Proximity Test framework, not partisan endorsement.