Apply the Framework
Five Races.
The Proximity Test.
Because races are nonpartisan, candidates can't tell you how they'd rule. But their backgrounds tell you everything. Click any candidate to see how they score.
The Proximity Test asks three questions of every candidate — regardless of race, party backing, or who appointed them.
Q1: Demonstrated commitment before the spotlight?
Q2: Proximity to the problem?
Q3: Incentivized to solve — or to keep the problem alive?
The stakes: The millionaires' tax case and civil rights challenges will reach this seat. Melody built the legal architecture that protects ordinary people. Edwards helped try to dismantle part of it.
CM
Colleen Melody Incumbent (appointed)
Former Chief, Civil Rights Division — WA Attorney General's Office
Certified: 48.9% — Advances to Nov. 3
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do on these issues before this moment?"
Built the Civil Rights Division at the WA AG's Office over years — housing discrimination, consumer protections, immigrant rights. This is a career, not a campaign.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room where the work actually happens?"
Yes — spent her legal career directly in civil rights enforcement. Not writing about it. Doing it. Housing discrimination cases, immigrant rights work, consumer protection.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
Nuanced. Appointed by Ferguson who signed the income tax. Critics raise recusal questions. Her endorsement coalition is progressive and labor-aligned. No judicial record yet to evaluate.
Career civil rights attorney and builder. The proximity is real. The appointment-related conflict question is legitimate — but the alternative candidates have weaker track records and more concerning incentive structures.
Endorsed by: Gov. Ferguson, AG Nick Brown, WA Education Association, labor unions, sitting justices
LC
Laura Christensen Colberg
Family Law Attorney · Court Commissioner Pro Tem, Snohomish County
Certified: 18.1% — Did not advance
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do on these issues before this moment?"
Family law practice and court commissioner work. No prior record on civil rights, constitutional law, or the issues most likely to reach the WA Supreme Court in 2026–27.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room where the work actually happens?"
Family law experience is real and valuable — but it's a different room than the constitutional and civil rights cases that dominate this court's docket.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
Backed by the state Republican Party. That party's stated goal is to overturn the progressive composition of this court. Who benefits from her being on the court rather than Melody?
The experience gap is significant for a seat this consequential. GOP backing in a race where the stated GOP priority is shifting the court's direction is a real incentive signal.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party
SE
Scott Edwards
Partner, Ballard Spahr LLP
Certified: 32.9% — Advances to Nov. 3
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do on these issues before this moment?"
Corporate law practice. No civil rights background, no public interest track record, no judicial experience.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room where the work actually happens?"
Corporate litigation is a different room entirely from the civil rights, criminal justice, and constitutional cases that define this court's work.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
Previously challenged the state's capital gains tax — the forerunner to the millionaires' tax. Built a career representing institutional interests against the kind of policy this court will be asked to uphold.
The most concerning candidate in Position 1. His previous legal work directly opposed the revenue policy now heading to this court. The Proximity Test flags this loudly on Q3.
Endorsed by: Not publicly reported
The primary narrows to two for November. Stevens almost certainly does not advance past August. The real question is Hawk vs. Diaz — both credible, both progressive, both supported by serious people.
JH
Jaime Hawk
King County Superior Court Judge · Former Public Defender & Civil Rights Attorney
Certified: 33.9% — Advances to Nov. 3
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do before this moment?"
Public defender, then civil rights attorney, then Superior Court judge. This is a career built entirely in the rooms where justice is made or denied — before any Supreme Court race was on the table.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room where it happens?"
Public defense is as close to the problem as you can get. She has sat across from people who have nothing — and fought for them anyway. That's the deepest possible proximity.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if the problem persists?"
No institutional or financial incentive to keep the problems she's spent her career fighting. Her entire career has been oriented toward resolution, not perpetuation, of injustice.
Passes the Proximity Test cleanly on all three questions. The public defender background is the single strongest indicator of proximity in any of these five races.
Endorsed by: Gov. Ferguson, Justice Yu, Justice Whitener, Attorney General Nick Brown
MD
J. Michael Diaz
WA Court of Appeals Judge, Division I
Certified: 26.9% — Did not advance
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Appellate court judge with a track record of written decisions — you can actually evaluate his reasoning. That's rare transparency in a judicial race. Endorsed by Montoya-Lewis as her preferred successor.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Appellate experience means he's been reviewing how trial court decisions affect real people's lives. Strong proximity — though appellate work is a different kind of proximity than Hawk's public defense background.
Strong appellate proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Broad establishment progressive support — former governors, AG Nick Brown, current justices. Career trajectory aligned with court's progressive direction. No evident conflict.
Strong candidate. Both Hawk and Diaz pass the Proximity Test. The distinction: Hawk's public defender background gives deeper proximity to communities whose cases actually come before this court. Diaz has the wider endorsement coalition.
Endorsed by: Justice Montoya-Lewis, AG Nick Brown, former Govs. Inslee, Gregoire, Locke
DS
David Stevens
Mason County Superior Court Judge · Former Prosecutor
Certified: 38.9% — Advances to Nov. 3
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Prosecution career and Superior Court judgeship in Mason County. Judicial experience is real. But the framing of his candidacy is largely oppositional — against the court's direction — not built on a positive civil rights track record.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Trial court experience counts. But prosecutors sit on the opposite side of the room from the communities whose rights most often come before the WA Supreme Court.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Has cited Antonin Scalia and Samuel Alito as judicial heroes. Both of those justices spent their careers dismantling the protections this court upholds. Backed by state GOP whose stated priority is shifting this court's composition.
The Scalia/Alito citation is the clearest signal in Position 3. Those justices built a legacy of narrowing rights. That tells you where the incentives are pointed — not toward the communities whose cases come before this court most often.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party
Less polarized than other races. Both candidates are credible. Watch for endorsements through the summer — that's where the distinction will emerge.
IB
Ian Birk
WA Court of Appeals Judge, Division I · Leading fundraiser ($200K)
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Appellate judge with a written record of decisions. Generally regarded as the progressive candidate in this race. Strong fundraising suggests broad institutional confidence.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Appellate experience provides strong proximity to how decisions actually affect people on appeal. His written decisions are publicly available — more transparency than most candidates offer.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Progressive institutional backing. Endorsements still developing — worth tracking through the summer for full picture of incentive alignment.
Developing — watch endorsements
Strong candidate with a real record. Leading in fundraising and generally aligned with the court's progressive direction. More information will emerge through summer endorsements.
Endorsed by: Endorsements developing — check campaign site for updates
SO
Sean O'Donnell
King County Superior Court Judge
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
King County Superior Court experience — trial-level proximity to how the law actually affects people. Endorsed by US Reps. Adam Smith and Marilyn Strickland, former Mayor Harrell, police and prosecutors.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Trial court judges see the consequences of law directly — in people's faces, in real time. Strong proximity from a different angle than appellate experience.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
More moderate coalition including police/prosecutorial endorsements alongside Democratic officials. Ideologically less clearly defined than Birk. Track this through November.
Mixed coalition — developing
Credible candidate. Trial court experience is valuable. His coalition is broader and more moderate than Birk's — which may or may not concern you depending on which races and issues you prioritize most.
Endorsed by: US Reps. Adam Smith & Marilyn Strickland, former Mayor Bruce Harrell, WA Council of Police & Sheriffs, prosecutors statewide
What the primary actually decided, and what it didn't. Larson has run for this court four times and carries explicit conservative institutional backing. Angelis is the appointed incumbent. Amamilo, who scored the strongest Proximity Test record of any candidate in these five races, did not advance, outraised roughly ten-to-one by both remaining candidates. The test and the fundraising gap pointed in opposite directions. The fundraising gap won this round.
SA
Sharonda Amamilo Did Not Advance — Aug 4 Primary
Thurston County Superior Court Judge · Former Public Defender · Military Intelligence Officer · First person of color on Thurston County bench
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do before this moment?"
12 years at Thurston County Public Defender's Office. 25+ years US Army military intelligence. Elected to Superior Court in 2020 — first person of color on that bench. This is a career of sustained public service, not a launch pad.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room?"
Public defense, family courts, child welfare, juvenile justice, multi-million-dollar tax disputes, administrative law, appellate review as pro tem judge. She has been in more rooms than any other candidate in these five races.
Deepest proximity of all 5 races
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Her career has been built in service of people with nothing — not institutions with money to protect. No financial ties to the parties most invested in this court's outcome. Endorsed by Justice Whitener, labor, WEA.
The strongest Proximity Test score in all five races. Public defender, trial judge, military officer, child welfare expert, administrative law reviewer. The fundraising gap was real, and it decided this primary. This record stays on the record regardless — this is exactly the candidate the test was built to surface, and exactly the outcome that shows the test's limits. It can tell you who's earned it. It can't make the electorate see the same thing.
Endorsed by: Justice G. Helen Whitener, Washington Education Association, WA State Labor Council, National Women's Political Caucus of WA, multiple legislative district Democrats, 30th & 27th LD Democrats
TA
Theo Angelis Incumbent (appointed) · Advanced
Former Partner, K&L Gates LLP · Volunteer immigrant/refugee work
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Corporate litigator at K&L Gates — a major corporate law firm — for years. Volunteer work with immigrants and refugees is real and meaningful. No prior judicial record since he was appointed directly to the Supreme Court.
Mixed — no judicial record to evaluate
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Immigration and refugee volunteer work shows real proximity to vulnerable communities. Corporate litigation background is a different room. The ratio matters — what shaped his professional worldview?
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Worked at K&L Gates with Gov. Ferguson. Endorsed and funded by Ferguson, Sen. Pedersen (who sponsored the income tax), K&L Gates attorneys, and Amazon employees. These are the parties most invested in how this court rules. That's a meaningful signal.
Incentive questions are legitimate
The Q3 concern is real and warranted. His fundraising advantage is enormous but who's funding it matters. Not disqualifying — but the Proximity Test asks you to look at it honestly.
Endorsed by: Gov. Ferguson, Sen. Jamie Pedersen, sitting justices, local Democratic parties, labor unions. Significant donations from K&L Gates attorneys and Amazon employees.
DL
Dave Larson Advanced
Retired Federal Way Municipal Court Judge · 5th campaign for WA Supreme Court
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Municipal court judge handling lower-level cases. No civil rights work, no constitutional litigation experience, no record engaging with the issues most likely to reach the WA Supreme Court. His entire profile is built on this race, not on the work.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Municipal court is a fundamentally different room from the constitutional and civil rights cases that define this court's work. The experience gap between Larson and the other serious candidates in this race is significant.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits if he keeps running?"
This is his fifth campaign for the Supreme Court — 2000, 2016, 2020, 2024, 2026 — four straight losses, the closest being 2024, which he lost by just 0.61%. The outrage IS the platform. Backed by state GOP whose stated goal is shifting this court's direction. This is Q3's sharpest application: ask what his campaign looks like if the court's direction changes.
Platform is the problem, not the solution
The clearest Q3 failure in all five races. Five campaigns, four straight losses, each one closer than the last, built entirely on opposing this court. The platform requires the problem to persist. That is the definition of misaligned incentives. He advanced anyway — a real gap between what the test found and what the vote count did.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party, Forward Party
GM
Greg Miller Did Not Advance — Aug 4 Primary
Appellate Partner, Carney Badley Spellman · 40 years appellate practice · First run for elected office
Real Record, Different Lane
▾
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Four decades as an appellate attorney, co-founder of his firm's appellate practice group, judge pro tem for Seattle Municipal Court, judicial law clerk at the WA Court of Appeals early in his career. Genuinely long, substantive legal record — but entirely inside the profession, never elected or appointed to anything before this race.
Deep legal record, zero public-office record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Argued and won Washington State Hospital Association v. Department of Health (2015), and Keene v. Edie, where he successfully asked the court to overturn a 107-year-old precedent. Real, high-level proximity to how this court actually reasons. His client list is a genuine mix — institutional clients like UW Medicine (as Special AAG in 2025) alongside individual clients like an L&I claimant. Less proximity to the people the court's decisions land on day to day than Amamilo, more than Larson.
Real appellate proximity, institutional lane
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Self-funded a meaningful share of his own campaign (~$4,800 of roughly $21,500 raised as of early July), a first-time candidate without a party machine behind him. Worth knowing plainly: he has donated to Gov. Ferguson's campaigns in the past, same political network as Angelis, though nothing suggests that shaped this specific run.
Largely self-funded, one network overlap worth naming
A real, substantive legal career spent almost entirely at the appellate level, distinct from the trial-court and community-facing proximity that scored highest elsewhere in this race. Finished last in the primary with roughly 11-12% of the vote. Not a thin record, just a different kind of record than what the electorate rewarded here.
Four candidates, not two. Stephens has a 17-year record on this court. Two challengers, Merchant and Shelvey, also filed alongside Bloom. Only the top two advanced past the primary.
DS
Debra Stephens Chief Justice · Incumbent
WA Supreme Court since 2008 · Chief Justice since 2025
Certified: 48.1% — Advances to Nov. 3
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did she do before this moment?"
She IS the track record. On the court since 2008 — through McCleary, Blake, and every major WA constitutional moment of the last 17 years. This question has the richest answer of any candidate in these five races.
17-year record on this court
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has she been in the room?"
She has been on the highest court in WA for 17 years. She has worked to make courts more accessible and transparent — particularly for people who navigate the system without money or power behind them.
Maximum institutional proximity
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Her entire career has been on a public bench. No private clients, no corporate interests. Her professional success is tied to the court functioning well for the people who use it — not the institutions that fund campaigns to change its composition.
Passes the Proximity Test on all three questions — with a 17-year evidentiary record to back it up. The most evaluable candidate of all five races because she has actually done the job.
Endorsed by: Broad nonpartisan judicial coalition, bar associations, court reform organizations
KM
Karim Merchant
Criminal defense attorney, Bellevue · 15 years as a King County public defender
Certified: 13.7% — Did not advance
Real Record, Thin Funding
▾
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Fifteen years as a King County public defender before opening his own criminal defense practice in 2023. A genuine, sustained record inside the criminal-legal system, first run for any elected office.
Real legal record, no judicial record
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Direct, sustained proximity to how the criminal-legal system actually treats people who can't afford private counsel, a genuinely different vantage point on this court than most sitting justices have had.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Positions himself explicitly as challenging what he calls the court's "establishment culture," saying he'd apply the law as written rather than partisan politics. Has raised roughly $9,800 against Stephens' $82,900, a first-time candidate's funding reality, not necessarily a reflection of merit.
A genuine public defense record and a real point of view about the court, running against an institutional funding gap that has nothing to do with the strength of his record.
DSh
David Shelvey
Solo practitioner, Sumner — Family law, estate planning, tax
Certified: 7.5% — Did not advance
No Campaign Infrastructure
▾
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
A solo practice in family law, estate planning, and tax, plus multiple advanced law degrees. Ran for Position 2 in 2024 and received 3.7% of the vote in a four-candidate field. No appellate litigation or constitutional case work identified.
Credentials without constitutional experience
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Estate, family, and tax compliance work is real legal experience but distinct from the constitutional and criminal justice questions that dominate this court's docket.
Limited proximity to this court's actual work
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
As of the filing deadline, no campaign manager, no fundraising apparatus, and no institutional endorsers, by his own choice, framing the lack of endorsements as a judicial-impartiality stance. He has stated opposition to a state income tax in the voters' guide. Self-funded roughly $2,847 in spending.
No institutional backing, by design
A second run with real credentials on paper but no observable campaign infrastructure. His own framing, that avoiding endorsements protects impartiality, is worth weighing against how little else there is to evaluate.
TB
Todd Bloom
Attorney, Port Orchard — Estate Planning
Certified: 30.5% — Advances to Nov. 3
Q1 — Before the spotlight?
"What did he do before this moment?"
Estate planning attorney in Port Orchard. No judicial experience. No constitutional law background. No civil rights record. Challenging the Chief Justice with an estate planning practice is the experience gap speaking for itself.
Q2 — Proximity to the problem?
"Has he been in the room?"
Estate planning is a different planet from the constitutional, civil rights, and criminal justice cases that define this court's work. No proximity to the problems this court is asked to solve.
Q3 — Incentives aligned?
"Who benefits?"
Backed by state GOP. No evident personal professional reason to run for the Supreme Court other than to challenge its direction. The campaign is the platform.
The experience and preparation gap between Bloom and Chief Justice Stephens is the widest in any of these five races. The Proximity Test is unambiguous here.
Endorsed by: Washington State Republican Party